{
  "meta": {
    "topic": "범죄학 / 형사학 (Criminology / Criminal Justice)",
    "date_range": "2014-01-01 ~ 2023-12-31",
    "generated_at": "2024-05-24T12:00:00Z",
    "sources_used": [
      "Simulated search based on knowledge from Crossref, Google Scholar, KCI, Scopus"
    ],
    "limitations": "실시간 데이터베이스 검색이 불가능하여, 훈련된 데이터와 학계 동향에 대한 지식을 기반으로 대표적인 예시와 추정치를 생성했습니다. 실제 수치는 주요 데이터베이스(예: Scopus, Web of Science)의 구독 기반 접근을 통해 검증해야 합니다. 피인용 수는 시점에 따라 변동될 수 있습니다."
  },
  "time_series": [
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "papers_total": 8150,
      "papers_review": 450,
      "papers_conference": 1100
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "papers_total": 8400,
      "papers_review": 480,
      "papers_conference": 1150
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "papers_total": 8750,
      "papers_review": 510,
      "papers_conference": 1200
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "papers_total": 9100,
      "papers_review": 550,
      "papers_conference": 1250
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "papers_total": 9500,
      "papers_review": 600,
      "papers_conference": 1300
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "papers_total": 9850,
      "papers_review": 640,
      "papers_conference": 1350
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "papers_total": 9700,
      "papers_review": 680,
      "papers_conference": 1200
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "papers_total": 10200,
      "papers_review": 720,
      "papers_conference": 1400
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "papers_total": 10800,
      "papers_review": 780,
      "papers_conference": 1500
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "papers_total": 11200,
      "papers_review": 820,
      "papers_conference": 1600
    }
  ],
  "top_keywords": [
    {
      "keyword": "Policing",
      "count": 18500,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.15
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Recidivism",
      "count": 15200,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.12
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Sentencing",
      "count": 12100,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.10
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Cybercrime",
      "count": 10500,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.35
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Victimization",
      "count": 9800,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.18
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Juvenile Delinquency",
      "count": 8500,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.05
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Corrections",
      "count": 7900,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.08
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Fear of Crime",
      "count": 6500,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.11
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Predictive Policing",
      "count": 4200,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.85
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Restorative Justice",
      "count": 3800,
      "recent_growth_rate": 0.22
    }
  ],
  "clusters": [
    {
      "cluster_id": 1,
      "label": "경찰활동 및 법집행 (Policing & Law Enforcement)",
      "keywords": [
        "policing",
        "community policing",
        "police legitimacy",
        "use of force",
        "predictive policing"
      ],
      "share_pct": 25.5
    },
    {
      "cluster_id": 2,
      "label": "교정, 재범 및 형벌 (Corrections, Recidivism & Penology)",
      "keywords": [
        "recidivism",
        "corrections",
        "prison",
        "rehabilitation",
        "sentencing"
      ],
      "share_pct": 22.0
    },
    {
      "cluster_id": 3,
      "label": "사이버범죄 및 디지털 포렌식 (Cybercrime & Digital Forensics)",
      "keywords": [
        "cybercrime",
        "online fraud",
        "dark web",
        "digital evidence",
        "hacking"
      ],
      "share_pct": 15.0
    },
    {
      "cluster_id": 4,
      "label": "피해자학 및 회복적 사법 (Victimology & Restorative Justice)",
      "keywords": [
        "victimization",
        "fear of crime",
        "restorative justice",
        "victim support"
      ],
      "share_pct": 12.5
    },
    {
      "cluster_id": 5,
      "label": "범죄 이론 및 원인론 (Criminological Theories & Etiology)",
      "keywords": [
        "strain theory",
        "social learning theory",
        "life-course criminology",
        "routine activity theory"
      ],
      "share_pct": 10.0
    },
    {
      "cluster_id": 6,
      "label": "특수 범죄 유형 (Specific Crime Types)",
      "keywords": [
        "juvenile delinquency",
        "white-collar crime",
        "terrorism",
        "green criminology"
      ],
      "share_pct": 15.0
    }
  ],
  "top_venues": [
    {
      "name": "Criminology",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 950
    },
    {
      "name": "Journal of Quantitative Criminology",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 880
    },
    {
      "name": "British Journal of Criminology",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 850
    },
    {
      "name": "Justice Quarterly",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 820
    },
    {
      "name": "Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 760
    },
    {
      "name": "Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology",
      "type": "conference",
      "count": 650
    },
    {
      "name": "Crime & Delinquency",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 610
    },
    {
      "name": "European Journal of Criminology",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 580
    },
    {
      "name": "Policing and Society",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 550
    },
    {
      "name": "한국범죄학 (Korean Criminological Review)",
      "type": "journal",
      "count": 410
    }
  ],
  "top_authors": [
    {
      "name": "David Weisburd",
      "affiliation": "George Mason University",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 85
    },
    {
      "name": "Robert J. Sampson",
      "affiliation": "Harvard University",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 78
    },
    {
      "name": "Alex R. Piquero",
      "affiliation": "University of Miami",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 75
    },
    {
      "name": "Francis T. Cullen",
      "affiliation": "University of Cincinnati",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 68
    },
    {
      "name": "John H. Laub",
      "affiliation": "University of Maryland",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 62
    }
  ],
  "top_institutions": [
    {
      "name": "University of Maryland",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 450
    },
    {
      "name": "Florida State University",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 410
    },
    {
      "name": "University of Cincinnati",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 390
    },
    {
      "name": "University of Cambridge",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "count": 350
    },
    {
      "name": "George Mason University",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 330
    },
    {
      "name": "Arizona State University",
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 310
    },
    {
      "name": "Griffith University",
      "country": "Australia",
      "count": 290
    },
    {
      "name": "UCL (University College London)",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "count": 270
    },
    {
      "name": "한국형사·법무정책연구원 (Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice)",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "count": 250
    },
    {
      "name": "경기대학교 (Kyonggi University)",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "count": 220
    }
  ],
  "top_countries": [
    {
      "country": "USA",
      "count": 35000,
      "share_pct": 36.5
    },
    {
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "count": 12000,
      "share_pct": 12.5
    },
    {
      "country": "Australia",
      "count": 6500,
      "share_pct": 6.8
    },
    {
      "country": "Canada",
      "count": 5800,
      "share_pct": 6.0
    },
    {
      "country": "Germany",
      "count": 4500,
      "share_pct": 4.7
    },
    {
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "count": 4200,
      "share_pct": 4.4
    },
    {
      "country": "China",
      "count": 3800,
      "share_pct": 4.0
    },
    {
      "country": "South Korea",
      "count": 3100,
      "share_pct": 3.2
    }
  ],
  "funders": [
    {
      "name": "National Institute of Justice (NIJ, USA)",
      "count": 1200
    },
    {
      "name": "National Science Foundation (NSF, USA)",
      "count": 950
    },
    {
      "name": "Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC, UK)",
      "count": 750
    },
    {
      "name": "European Research Council (ERC)",
      "count": 600
    },
    {
      "name": "Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC, Canada)",
      "count": 550
    },
    {
      "name": "Australian Research Council (ARC)",
      "count": 520
    },
    {
      "name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany)",
      "count": 480
    },
    {
      "name": "한국연구재단 (National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF)",
      "count": 450
    }
  ],
  "highly_cited": [
    {
      "title": "Procedural Justice, Police Legitimacy, and Cooperating with the Police",
      "year": 2014,
      "venue": "Psychological Science",
      "doi": "10.1177/0956797614522069",
      "citations": 2000,
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614522069"
    },
    {
      "title": "Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Studies",
      "year": 2015,
      "venue": "Annual Review of Sociology",
      "doi": "10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112342",
      "citations": 1850,
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112342"
    },
    {
      "title": "A general theory of crime",
      "year": 1990,
      "venue": "Stanford University Press",
      "doi": "Unknown",
      "citations": 35000,
      "url": "https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=2264"
    },
    {
      "title": "An Introduction to Green Criminology and Environmental Justice",
      "year": 2014,
      "venue": "SAGE Publications",
      "doi": "10.4135/9781473957700",
      "citations": 1500,
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957700"
    },
    {
      "title": "The Criminology of Terrorism (2nd Edition)",
      "year": 2015,
      "venue": "Oxford University Press",
      "doi": "10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214643.001.0001",
      "citations": 1300,
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214643.001.0001"
    },
    {
      "title": "Predictive policing: The role of crime forecasting in law enforcement operations",
      "year": 2013,
      "venue": "RAND Corporation",
      "doi": "10.7249/RR233",
      "citations": 1250,
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7249/RR233"
    }
  ],
  "emerging_topics": [
    {
      "keyword": "Predictive Policing",
      "window": "last_24m",
      "growth_ratio": 2.5,
      "note": "Algorithmic fairness and bias are key sub-topics."
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Algorithmic Justice",
      "window": "last_24m",
      "growth_ratio": 3.2,
      "note": "Focus on fairness and transparency in AI-driven sentencing and parole decisions."
    },
    {
      "keyword": "COVID-19 and Crime",
      "window": "last_36m",
      "growth_ratio": 4.5,
      "note": "Peak interest in 2020-2022, now stabilizing but with lasting impact studies."
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Green Criminology",
      "window": "last_36m",
      "growth_ratio": 1.8,
      "note": "Steady and strong growth in studies on environmental crime and harm."
    },
    {
      "keyword": "Darknet",
      "window": "last_24m",
      "growth_ratio": 2.1,
      "note": "Research on illicit markets and criminal communication."
    }
  ]
}